Tabaqat Al Kubra. Vol. 3 Pg. 269 H. 3714

: Written by Ibn Sa'd (d. 230 AH), a student of the famous historian al-Waqidi.

"He narrated from: ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib, Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqas, and ‘A’ishah bint Abi Bakr (the Prophet's wife). Those who narrated from him: Qatadah ibn Di‘amah, Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani, and Sulayman al-Taymi. He was reliable (thiqah) in hadith, but he transmitted only a few traditions. He died in the year 120 AH during the plague of ‘Adhri’at. His death occurred in the month of Rajab." tabaqat al kubra. vol. 3 pg. 269 h. 3714

The battle was a test of faith and loyalty for the Muslims, as they faced a stronger and more experienced enemy. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his Companions displayed extraordinary courage and resilience in the face of adversity. Although the Muslims suffered a setback, they ultimately emerged victorious, having inflicted significant casualties on the Quraysh. : Written by Ibn Sa'd (d

The term often cited in Arabic is "Nakh," which can carry various meanings depending on context, ranging from sexual penetration to more general biological or social connotations. Academic and Contextual Analysis Those who narrated from him: Qatadah ibn Di‘amah,

The chain begins with "Muhammad ibn ‘Umar (al-Waqidi)" . Al-Waqidi, Ibn Sa‘d’s teacher, is a polarizing figure. Hadith critics (like al-Shafi‘i and Ahmad ibn Hanbal) accused him of being a weak narrator, unreliable in the sahih traditions. However, Ibn Sa‘d uses al-Waqidi as his primary source for biographical information, not for establishing legal rulings. Page 269 shows that even when citing al-Waqidi in a hadith context, Ibn Sa‘d preserves the matn (text) for historical, not legal, evidence. This distinction is critical: Tabaqat is a work of Tarikh (history), not Sahih (authenticity).