Often a Micro Wave Oven Transformer (MOT) or a Tesla coil circuit used to create high-voltage sparks.
The First Law of Thermodynamics states energy cannot be created or destroyed. A device that outputs more than it inputs is considered impossible by current scientific understanding.
: No Kapanadze-type device has passed instrumented testing by independent labs. Thermodynamic Conflict
A very interesting and potentially controversial topic!
The search for the Kapanadze generator represents the enduring human desire for clean, limitless energy. While the schematics available online provide a fascinating education in high-voltage electronics and Tesla coil theory, they have not yet delivered the promise of "free energy." The "verified" tag found on many internet files usually refers to the schematic being an accurate drawing of a specific prototype, not that the device itself has been verified to produce free energy.
There is for a functioning “over-unity” or free energy generator from Tariel Kapanadze or similar devices. Claims of such devices have been investigated multiple times (e.g., by experts, journalists, or skeptical societies), and no public demonstration has passed rigorous scientific testing without revealing hidden power sources, wires, or measurement errors.