| Unit | Topic | Key Concepts | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Analog Communication | Need for Modulation, AM, DSB-SC, SSB, VSB, AM Transmitters/Receivers | | 2 | Angle Modulation | FM & PM, Narrowband vs Wideband FM, FM Generation (Direct/Indirect), FM Demodulation | | 3 | Noise Theory | Thermal Noise, Shot Noise, Noise Figure, SNR, Noise in AM & FM systems | | 4 | Digital Transmission | Sampling Theorem (Nyquist), Quantization (Uniform/Non-uniform), Companding (A-law & µ-law) | | 5 | Waveform Coding | PCM, DPCM, Delta Modulation (DM), Adaptive Delta Modulation, Line Codes | | 6 | Digital Modulation | BASK, BFSK, BPSK, QPSK, DPSK, Coherent vs Non-coherent detection | | 7 | Information Theory | Entropy, Channel Capacity (Shannon-Hartley Theorem), Huffman Coding, Error Control (Hamming Codes) |
